Essay - useful phrases - pomocne wyrażenia przy pisaniu po angielsku
Użyteczne frazy przy pisaniu wypracowań po angielsku
Introduction
- first of all
- to begin with
- in order to decide whether.... or not
- to outline the main points
- firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally / eventually
Enumerating arguments
- in addition to / additionally
- besides / moreover / furthermore
- above all
Weighing up arguments
- on the one hand..... on the other hand
- to consider the advantages and disadvantages
- arguments for and against
- to discuss the pros and cons
- in theory ... in reality
- both... and....
- not only ... but also
- anyway / at any rate / in any case
- in fact / actually / as a matter of fact
- up to a point
- so to speak
- by no means / not at all
Comparisons
- compared to / in comparison with
- to draw / make a comparison between ...and
- similarly
- as well as
Restrictions
- however / though
- nevertheless
- whereas
- although / though / even though
- in spite of / despite
- unlike
- in contrast to / with sth.
- on the contrary
- sth is contrary to sth
Refering to
- with reference to
- regarding
- as regards
- as far as ... is concerned
- according to (
- according to is used to introduces omeone else's opinion. Don't say "according to me")
Introducing a new idea
- Turning now to the question of
- Bearing in mind the previous points,
- Having considered (X)
- With regard to
- As far as ....... is concerned
Emphasizing
- I’d like to point out that
- I’d like to emphasize
- adjectives: main, crucial, important, si gnificant, key, essential
- nouns: focus, element, concept, theory, aspect, part, idea, point, argument, discussion, debate
- verbs: to emphasise, to summarise, to focus, to highlight
Examples:
- The key aspect of this argument is
- The most crucial point m ade so far
- It is worth noting that
- Another relevant point is that
Generalizing
- on the whole
- in general / generally speaking
- as a rule
- to some extent
- to a large extent / to what extent ?
- in many ways
- in all respects
- in most / many cases
- basically
Giving examples
- for example / for instance
- such as / including
- in particular / particularly
- to give you an example of what I mean
- to illustrate this point
- what I mean is
- et cetera / and so on / and so forth
- that is to say / i.e
Citing research
- It has been found that
- Research has shown that
Making exeptions
- apart from
- except
- with the exception of
Giving reasons
- because
- as / since
- because of
- the reason for this is
- the reason why
- for some reasons or another
- I have every reason to believe that
Consequences
- therefore
- consequently / as a result
- for this reason / all these reasons
Personal point of view
- I think that
- in my opinion/ in my view / to my mind
- this is a matter of opinion
- in my experience
- as far as I know
- as far as I am concerned
- to be aware / unaware of a problem
- to tell the truth
- the fact is that
- I am convinced that
- I firmly believe that
- I feel sth should be done about that
Agreeing
- I entirely / absolutely agree with
- that’s exactly my own view
- I’m of exactly the same opinion
- that’s perfectly true
- I’d like to support this view
Disagreeing
- I partly disagree with
- I don’t entirely agree with
- I agree in principle, but
- That’s not the way I see it
- I see things rather differently myself
- I’m not at all convinced that
- I’m not absolutely sure
Interest, Plans, Intentions
- to be interested in sth / in doing sth
- It interests me a lot
- My main / particular interest is
- I have the intention of doing
- I am prepared to do sth
- I am determined to do sth
- I’m planning to do sth
- I’m very keen on doing sth
Lack of interest
- I find ... rather uninteresting / boring
- I don’t take any interest in
- It’s all the same to me whether
- It means nothing to me
Summarizing and drawing conclusions
- finally
- last of all
- last but not least
- we can draw the conclusion
- to sum up / to summarize we can say
- all in all
- in short / in brief / briefly
- all things considered
- the subject under discussion
- I find it difficult to reach a conclusion but I’m tempted to say
- Briefly, we can say / it can be said that
- hence/therefore/accordingly / consequently
- the evidence suggests, therefore
- in general what this means / suggests / indicates is
- it is clear from the above that
- to conclude / in conclusion,
Modifying adverbs
- totally / entirely / completely
- mostly / mainly / chiefly
- partly
- comparatively / relatively
- extremely / incredibly