proszę o wytłumaczenie przykładów

"The present perfect can be used similarly with ever, never, always, occasionally, often, several times etc. and since + a point in time, since + clause, or since, adverb:
1 ANN: Have you ever/alien off a horse?
TOM: Yes, !'ve fallen off quite often/occasionally.
But if Tom's riding days are over, we would have;
ANN: Did you ever/all off a horse? (past tense)
TOM: Yes. I did occasionally/frequently.
2 I haven't seen him since November.
Has he written since he left home?
We had a letter last week. We haven't heard since.
I've since changed my mind = I've changed my mind since then-
3 The present perfect can be used here for habitual actions:
They've always answered my letters.
I've never been late for work."

Może mi ktoś powiedzieć, która konstrukcja odpowiada któremu przykładowi?